Explain root cause in the context of the scenario
Students often lose marks by describing root cause without evaluating it. A better approach is to compare the expected behaviour with the observed behaviour, identify the security consequence, and justify the next control or investigative step. That sequence keeps the discussion specific to cyber security case studies.
Where possible, compare the expected state with the observed state. For cyber security case studies, that comparison gives the reader a clear basis for judging whether the control, configuration, artefact or result is acceptable.
Connect control failures to measurable security impact
A strong cyber security case studies submission should do more than mention control failures. It should explain why the concept matters in the specific scenario, what evidence supports the interpretation, and where the analysis has limits. This makes the work easier to assess because the reader can follow the reasoning rather than infer it from screenshots or definitions.
A useful discussion also acknowledges constraints. Time, available evidence, lab scope, legal boundaries and incomplete data can all limit what can be concluded about stakeholders or risk decisions.